Neurologists have identified more than 30 different types of seizures, which are divided into two major categories. Within each category, there are many different types of seizures.
Partial seizures—Seizures that originate in one specific area on one side (hemisphere) of the brain
Generalized seizures—Seizures that originate in several areas on both sides (hemispheres) of the brain.
A simple partial seizure occurs when an electrical disturbance affects just one side of the brain, but doesn’t alter consciousness. During a complex partial seizure, a larger part of the brain is affected, and the person experiencing the seizure has a change in, or loss of, consciousness. Sometimes, partial seizures move from one side of the brain to both sides of the brain; this is described as a "secondarily generalized" seizure.
Seizures may be triggered by a variety of factors. These include:
- Lack of sleep
- Alcohol consumption
- Stress
- Hormonal changes (such as those that occur during a woman’s menstrual cycle)
- Light flashing at a certain speed or the flicker of a computer monitor (a rare condition called photosensitive epilepsy)
- Smoking cigarettes
It can be very difficult to determine exactly what type of seizures a person experiences, but it’s crucial when planning the most appropriate treatment. Neurologists depend on close observation and careful testing to determine seizure type. Learn more about diagnosis.
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Next: Simple Partial Seizures